Using Labels

Using labels allows you to make discoveries in a text that surpass simple word searches. For example, you can study the figurative use of sheep or analyze occurrences of a particular grammatical construction such as 1st Class Conditions. 

A label is a tag that editors have attached to a word, phrase, or section identifying it as belonging to a particular class (e.g. Person, Command, or Miracle). And these labeled classes may have a range of attributes.

For example: one of the attributes associated with the Command label is Type, which allows you to find all commands of the types Advice, Offer, Permission and more.

Similarly, the Miracle label has a range of attributes including Instrument (the thing used to carry out the miracle) and Patient (the person who was healed by the miracle).

 

Labels enable you to perform specialized and complex searches, gain specific results, and see a variety of connections in the text. This article introduces you to the kinds of labels present in Verbum, how to use labels, and how to create your own labels for use.

Skip ahead to:

Identifying Labels

Using Labels in Searches

Creating Your Own Labels

 

Identifying Labels

A Label has a Class Name and multiple Attributes. An Attribute has a name and one or more values. The easiest way to identify a label is to right-click a word in the text. The label tags for the word appear in the left side of the panel.

 

Click the triangle to the left of a label to expand a list of additional labels associated with the word. Click a label to see options for searching it in the right-hand portion of the pane.

 

A complete list and description of labels used in Verbum can be found in the program Help section. 

Note: Labels are specific to resources. They are most extensive in Bibles and limited in other resources. For example, God has many associated labels in the NRSV-CE, yet in a systematic theology, God may not have any associated labels.

Using Labels in Searches

The following section demonstrates how to use labels to search your resources.

If you want to find instances where people are commanded to gather or bring something, a great place to start is in an instance of that command - such as John 6:12 where Jesus tells his disciples to Gather up fragments.

Right-click the word, select the Command label and select a search type - such as Bible.

 

This shows all the occurrences of Commands of this type:

 

In the example above, all the instances of commands involving sending and carrying are displayed. You can refine this search to focus in on a subset of those results such as when Jesus commanded people to gather or bring something. To do this, add the Search Operator IN followed by the search term speaker:Jesus to the end of the current search string.

Labels allow you to perform searches that refine the focus of what you’re looking for. For instance, in the biblical world, sheep were common animals. The Bible also uses "sheep" metaphorically. Simply searching sheep generates both results. Using a label search, you can narrow the scope of your search to find or eliminate the metaphorical uses from your search. 

Begin with a verse using the word in the sense you are interested in, right-click the word and select the label related to the metaphorical use.

 

Run the search to see where this type of metaphor is used.

 

To exclude these metaphorical results, use the NOT operator - for example, to find references to sheep that are not metaphorical, insert sheep NOT before the figurative language label. And the same principle applies to any type of label.

 

Once you become familiar with how labels function, you can create your own searches from scratch.

Simply follow this basic syntax:

classname:property1:value [AND|NOT] classname:property2:value

Some examples are shown below:

Note: These examples would typically be used in a Books search.

Some other uses of labels, or different ways of interacting with them are as shown below:

• Some of the guides and interactive features in Verbum are built using labels that allow you to engage with the label data without performing a label search. For example, the Miracles of the Bible interactive allows you to quickly filter the various miracles of the Bible by Type, Agent, Instrument, and more.
• Labels are used to form datasets and work in conjunction with them. For more information about datasets, click here.
• You can copy the syntax from a label search to create Visual Filters. For more information about creating Visual Filters, click here.

 

Creating Your Own Labels

In addition to using the labels that already exist in Verbum, you can create your own labels. This allows you to add fully customizable markup to the text and attach properties to these markup selections. You can attach properties to selected texts such as name, type, and value. Your new label entries allow you to search these markup selections. Labels can be added through highlights or notes.

 

Add a label when you highlight

Labels can be used to supply additional data when highlighting - and this can then be used when specifying searches.

For example: You hear in a homily that each command in the Pentateuch is a restatement, explanation, or application of one of the Ten Commandments. You want to label the commands according to this principle.

1. To do this, start by opening the Highlighting Tool from the Tools menu
2. Click New palette and give your palette a name, e.g. Decalogue
3. Right-click the palette and select Add a new style.
   
4. Give your style a name, e.g. 1st Commandment
5. Apply a highlight so that the label is visible when applied - we'll set it to have a yellow background color
   ,
6. Check the box This style implies a label, and enter a name for your label, e.g. Decalogue
   
7. Click the Add attributes link at the bottom and enter a name for your attribute, e.g: Commandment

   Note: To add attributes at the time of highlighting, check the box Prompt to enter attributes.

8. Select a type for the attribute value from the list, e.g: Number
9. Then enter a value for the attribute, e.g: 1
   
10. Add additional attributes as required by repeating steps 7-9.
    For example: Add the attribute Type and attribute value text and leave the value blank. (You will be able to specify a value when you apply the highlight.)
11. When you have added all the required attributes, click Save.
12. Optionally apply a shortcut key to this style by clicking the dropdown menu to the right of the style and clicking the triangle next to Shortcut key.
    
13. Repeat steps 3-11 to add additional styles to your palette.
    For example: To create highlighting labels for each of the Ten Commandments, repeat these steps until you have a style for each one of the commandments.

    Note: To save time, duplicate a style by right-clicking an existing style and selecting Duplicate. Then you can rename and edit the style.

After applying the highlight to a text range, you can hover over the highlight to see the labelling information associated with it.

 

If you right-click the highlight and open the Label section of the context menu you will see an entry for the label and the associated attributes.

 

You can now perform a search using the labels you created.
For example: Searching for label.decalogue:commandment:1 locates all of the places where you marked a command as being an expression of the first commandment.

Note: While the term label: is not required when searching for a Logos-defined label, it is required when searching for a user-defined one.

Add a label to an anchor in a note

Labels can be added to anchors in notes which allow you to search the anchored texts by the label name. You can use labels that already exist within Verbum or create your own.

 

Note: When you attach a label to a note, the note must be anchored to a text in order for Verbum to include the labelled note in your search results. Click here to learn more about anchors.

Search your labels

You can perform searches with your labels as you would with any other labelled text in Verbum using the following syntax:

label:(classname AND property1:value [AND|NOT] property2:value)

For example: label:(Decalogue AND commandment:1) finds all the instances where you identified a command as an expression of the first commandment.

Note: Labels created in a Bible can be searched using an All, Books, Bible, or Morph search. Labels created in other resources can only be searched using a Books or All search.

Edit your labels

To edit a label in a highlight:

1. Right-click a word within the highlight you want to edit. Select the label you want to edit and click Edit Label...

   

2. In the dialogue box, you may edit any of the fields for your label or delete an attribute by hovering to the right of the field and clicking the Delete button that appears.

   

To edit a label in a note:

1. Open the note you want to edit.
2. Click the label you want to edit. In the dialogue box, you may edit any of the fields for your label or delete an attribute by hovering to the right of the field and clicking the Delete button that appears. 
3. To remove a label from a note, click the Remove label button to the right of the label.